Plural Nouns
Çoğul isimler: düzenli (-s/-es) ve düzensiz çoğullar, yazım kuralları ve istisnalar.
Tanım
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:0 0 12px;">Plural Nouns (Çoğul İsimler)</h4>
<p>İngilizce'de isimleri çoğul yapmak için genellikle sona <strong>-s veya -es</strong> eklenir. Ancak birçok istisna ve düzensiz çoğul form vardır.</p>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Düzenli Çoğul Kuralları</h4>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:16px;">
<table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13px;">
<tr style="background:#ede9ff;"><th style="padding:10px;">Kural</th><th style="padding:10px;">Tekil</th><th style="padding:10px;">Çoğul</th></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">Çoğu isim: <strong>+s</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">book, car, dog</td><td style="padding:8px;">book<strong>s</strong>, car<strong>s</strong>, dog<strong>s</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z: <strong>+es</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">bus, glass, watch, box</td><td style="padding:8px;">bus<strong>es</strong>, glass<strong>es</strong>, watch<strong>es</strong>, box<strong>es</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">Ünsüz + y: y → <strong>ies</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">baby, city, story</td><td style="padding:8px;">bab<strong>ies</strong>, cit<strong>ies</strong>, stor<strong>ies</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">Ünlü + y: <strong>+s</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">boy, day, key</td><td style="padding:8px;">boy<strong>s</strong>, day<strong>s</strong>, key<strong>s</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">-f/-fe: f → <strong>ves</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">wife, knife, leaf, life</td><td style="padding:8px;">wi<strong>ves</strong>, kni<strong>ves</strong>, lea<strong>ves</strong>, li<strong>ves</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:8px;">-o: <strong>+es</strong> (bazıları)</td><td style="padding:8px;">tomato, potato, hero</td><td style="padding:8px;">tomato<strong>es</strong>, potato<strong>es</strong>, hero<strong>es</strong></td></tr></table></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Düzensiz Çoğullar (Ezber!)</h4>
<div style="background:#fef3dc;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:13px;">
<div style="display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:6px;">
<div><strong>man</strong> → men</div><div><strong>woman</strong> → women</div><div><strong>child</strong> → children</div>
<div><strong>tooth</strong> → teeth</div><div><strong>foot</strong> → feet</div><div><strong>mouse</strong> → mice</div>
<div><strong>person</strong> → people</div><div><strong>goose</strong> → geese</div><div><strong>ox</strong> → oxen</div></div></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Tekil = Çoğul (Değişmeyen)</h4>
<div style="background:#d9faf2;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:13px;">
<p style="margin:0;"><span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">sheep</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">fish</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">deer</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">aircraft</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">species</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">series</span></p>
<p style="margin:8px 0 0;"><em>One sheep / Two sheep (sheeps YANLIŞ!)</em></p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Her Zaman Çoğul Olan İsimler</h4>
<div style="background:#f5f4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:13px;">
<p style="margin:0;"><span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">trousers</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">jeans</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">glasses</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">scissors</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">shorts</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">stairs</span></p>
<p style="margin:8px 0 0;"><em>My trousers <strong>are</strong> blue. (is değil!) These scissors <strong>are</strong> sharp.</em></p></div>
<h4 style="color:#f72585;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">⚠ Yaygın Hatalar</h4>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> two <s>childs</s></div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> two <strong>children</strong></div></div></div>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> three <s>sheeps</s></div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> three <strong>sheep</strong></div></div></div>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> The <s>informations</s></div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> The <strong>information</strong> (sayılamaz!)</div></div></div>
<p>İngilizce'de isimleri çoğul yapmak için genellikle sona <strong>-s veya -es</strong> eklenir. Ancak birçok istisna ve düzensiz çoğul form vardır.</p>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Düzenli Çoğul Kuralları</h4>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:16px;">
<table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13px;">
<tr style="background:#ede9ff;"><th style="padding:10px;">Kural</th><th style="padding:10px;">Tekil</th><th style="padding:10px;">Çoğul</th></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">Çoğu isim: <strong>+s</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">book, car, dog</td><td style="padding:8px;">book<strong>s</strong>, car<strong>s</strong>, dog<strong>s</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z: <strong>+es</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">bus, glass, watch, box</td><td style="padding:8px;">bus<strong>es</strong>, glass<strong>es</strong>, watch<strong>es</strong>, box<strong>es</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">Ünsüz + y: y → <strong>ies</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">baby, city, story</td><td style="padding:8px;">bab<strong>ies</strong>, cit<strong>ies</strong>, stor<strong>ies</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">Ünlü + y: <strong>+s</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">boy, day, key</td><td style="padding:8px;">boy<strong>s</strong>, day<strong>s</strong>, key<strong>s</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">-f/-fe: f → <strong>ves</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">wife, knife, leaf, life</td><td style="padding:8px;">wi<strong>ves</strong>, kni<strong>ves</strong>, lea<strong>ves</strong>, li<strong>ves</strong></td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:8px;">-o: <strong>+es</strong> (bazıları)</td><td style="padding:8px;">tomato, potato, hero</td><td style="padding:8px;">tomato<strong>es</strong>, potato<strong>es</strong>, hero<strong>es</strong></td></tr></table></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Düzensiz Çoğullar (Ezber!)</h4>
<div style="background:#fef3dc;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:13px;">
<div style="display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:6px;">
<div><strong>man</strong> → men</div><div><strong>woman</strong> → women</div><div><strong>child</strong> → children</div>
<div><strong>tooth</strong> → teeth</div><div><strong>foot</strong> → feet</div><div><strong>mouse</strong> → mice</div>
<div><strong>person</strong> → people</div><div><strong>goose</strong> → geese</div><div><strong>ox</strong> → oxen</div></div></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Tekil = Çoğul (Değişmeyen)</h4>
<div style="background:#d9faf2;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:13px;">
<p style="margin:0;"><span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">sheep</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">fish</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">deer</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">aircraft</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">species</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">series</span></p>
<p style="margin:8px 0 0;"><em>One sheep / Two sheep (sheeps YANLIŞ!)</em></p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Her Zaman Çoğul Olan İsimler</h4>
<div style="background:#f5f4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:13px;">
<p style="margin:0;"><span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">trousers</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">jeans</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">glasses</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">scissors</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">shorts</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">stairs</span></p>
<p style="margin:8px 0 0;"><em>My trousers <strong>are</strong> blue. (is değil!) These scissors <strong>are</strong> sharp.</em></p></div>
<h4 style="color:#f72585;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">⚠ Yaygın Hatalar</h4>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> two <s>childs</s></div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> two <strong>children</strong></div></div></div>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> three <s>sheeps</s></div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> three <strong>sheep</strong></div></div></div>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> The <s>informations</s></div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> The <strong>information</strong> (sayılamaz!)</div></div></div>
🇹🇷 Çoğul yapımı: düzenli (-s/-es), düzensiz (children, teeth, mice) ve istisnalar.
Örnek Cümleler
There are three children in the park.
These scissors are very sharp.
İpucu / Tüyo
⚡ sheep, fish, deer: tekil = çoğul (sheeps yanlış!). trousers, glasses, scissors: her zaman çoğul + are.
YDS / YÖKDİL Notu
🎯 YDS/YÖKDİL: YDS'de düzensiz çoğullar ve sayılamayan isimlerin çoğul hatası test edilir.
Hızlı Test
I saw two ___ in the field.
İlgili Maddeler
