Countable & Uncountable Nouns
Sayılabilen ve sayılamayan isimler: a/an, some, any, much, many, a lot of kullanım farkları.
Tanım
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:0 0 12px;">Countable & Uncountable Nouns</h4>
<p>İngilizce'de isimler <strong>sayılabilen (countable)</strong> ve <strong>sayılamayan (uncountable)</strong> olarak ikiye ayrılır. Bu ayrım, hangi artikel, zamir ve miktar belirtecinin kullanılacağını belirler.</p>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Sayılabilen İsimler (Countable)</h4>
<div style="background:#d9faf2;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:12px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;">Tek tek sayılabilir. Tekil ve çoğul halleri vardır. <strong>a/an</strong> alabilir.</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">a book / books</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">an apple / apples</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">a car / cars</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">a child / children</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">an idea / ideas</span></p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Sayılamayan İsimler (Uncountable)</h4>
<div style="background:#fef3dc;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:12px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;">Tek tek sayılamaz. Çoğul yapılmaz. <strong>a/an ALMAZ</strong>.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Sıvılar:</strong> water, milk, tea, coffee, juice, oil</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Yiyecekler:</strong> bread, rice, sugar, salt, butter, cheese, meat, fruit</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Malzemeler:</strong> gold, iron, wood, paper, glass</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Soyut kavramlar:</strong> information, advice, news, homework, knowledge, music, love, happiness, time, money, work, research, education, health, weather, traffic, furniture, luggage, equipment</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><strong>Doğa:</strong> air, rain, snow, sunshine, thunder</p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Miktar Belirteçleri Tablosu</h4>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:16px;">
<table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13px;">
<tr style="background:#ede9ff;"><th style="padding:10px;"></th><th style="padding:10px;">Countable</th><th style="padding:10px;">Uncountable</th><th style="padding:10px;">Her ikisi</th></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>Çok</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>many</strong> books</td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>much</strong> water</td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>a lot of</strong> / lots of</td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>Az</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>a few</strong> books</td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>a little</strong> water</td><td style="padding:8px;">-</td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>Çok az</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>few</strong> books</td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>little</strong> water</td><td style="padding:8px;">-</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>Biraz</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>some</strong> books</td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>some</strong> water</td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>some</strong></td></tr></table></div>
<div style="background:#f5f4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:14px;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:13px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 6px;"><strong>a few / a little</strong> = biraz (olumlu bakış) → <em>I have <strong>a few</strong> friends.</em> (Birkaç arkadaşım var - iyi)</p>
<p style="margin:0;"><strong>few / little</strong> = çok az (olumsuz bakış) → <em>I have <strong>few</strong> friends.</em> (Çok az arkadaşım var - kötü)</p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Sayılamayan İsimleri Sayılabilir Yapma</h4>
<div style="background:#f5f4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:13px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 6px;">a <strong>glass</strong> of water, a <strong>cup</strong> of tea, a <strong>bottle</strong> of milk</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 6px;">a <strong>piece</strong> of advice / information / furniture / news / bread</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 6px;">a <strong>slice</strong> of bread / pizza / cake</p>
<p style="margin:0;">a <strong>bowl</strong> of rice / soup, a <strong>bar</strong> of chocolate, a <strong>loaf</strong> of bread</p></div>
<h4 style="color:#f72585;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">⚠ Türk Öğrencilerin Sık Yaptığı Hatalar</h4>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> <s>an information</s></div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> <strong>a piece of</strong> information</div></div></div>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> <s>many money</s></div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> <strong>much</strong> money / a lot of money</div></div></div>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> <s>furnitures</s></div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> <strong>furniture</strong> (cogul yok!)</div></div></div>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> The <s>news are</s> bad.</div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> The news <strong>is</strong> bad. (tekil!)</div></div></div>
<p>İngilizce'de isimler <strong>sayılabilen (countable)</strong> ve <strong>sayılamayan (uncountable)</strong> olarak ikiye ayrılır. Bu ayrım, hangi artikel, zamir ve miktar belirtecinin kullanılacağını belirler.</p>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Sayılabilen İsimler (Countable)</h4>
<div style="background:#d9faf2;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:12px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;">Tek tek sayılabilir. Tekil ve çoğul halleri vardır. <strong>a/an</strong> alabilir.</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">a book / books</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">an apple / apples</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">a car / cars</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">a child / children</span> <span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;margin:2px;">an idea / ideas</span></p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Sayılamayan İsimler (Uncountable)</h4>
<div style="background:#fef3dc;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:12px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;">Tek tek sayılamaz. Çoğul yapılmaz. <strong>a/an ALMAZ</strong>.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Sıvılar:</strong> water, milk, tea, coffee, juice, oil</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Yiyecekler:</strong> bread, rice, sugar, salt, butter, cheese, meat, fruit</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Malzemeler:</strong> gold, iron, wood, paper, glass</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Soyut kavramlar:</strong> information, advice, news, homework, knowledge, music, love, happiness, time, money, work, research, education, health, weather, traffic, furniture, luggage, equipment</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><strong>Doğa:</strong> air, rain, snow, sunshine, thunder</p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Miktar Belirteçleri Tablosu</h4>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:16px;">
<table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13px;">
<tr style="background:#ede9ff;"><th style="padding:10px;"></th><th style="padding:10px;">Countable</th><th style="padding:10px;">Uncountable</th><th style="padding:10px;">Her ikisi</th></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>Çok</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>many</strong> books</td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>much</strong> water</td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>a lot of</strong> / lots of</td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>Az</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>a few</strong> books</td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>a little</strong> water</td><td style="padding:8px;">-</td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>Çok az</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>few</strong> books</td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>little</strong> water</td><td style="padding:8px;">-</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>Biraz</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>some</strong> books</td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>some</strong> water</td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>some</strong></td></tr></table></div>
<div style="background:#f5f4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:14px;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:13px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 6px;"><strong>a few / a little</strong> = biraz (olumlu bakış) → <em>I have <strong>a few</strong> friends.</em> (Birkaç arkadaşım var - iyi)</p>
<p style="margin:0;"><strong>few / little</strong> = çok az (olumsuz bakış) → <em>I have <strong>few</strong> friends.</em> (Çok az arkadaşım var - kötü)</p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Sayılamayan İsimleri Sayılabilir Yapma</h4>
<div style="background:#f5f4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:13px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 6px;">a <strong>glass</strong> of water, a <strong>cup</strong> of tea, a <strong>bottle</strong> of milk</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 6px;">a <strong>piece</strong> of advice / information / furniture / news / bread</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 6px;">a <strong>slice</strong> of bread / pizza / cake</p>
<p style="margin:0;">a <strong>bowl</strong> of rice / soup, a <strong>bar</strong> of chocolate, a <strong>loaf</strong> of bread</p></div>
<h4 style="color:#f72585;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">⚠ Türk Öğrencilerin Sık Yaptığı Hatalar</h4>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> <s>an information</s></div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> <strong>a piece of</strong> information</div></div></div>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> <s>many money</s></div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> <strong>much</strong> money / a lot of money</div></div></div>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> <s>furnitures</s></div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> <strong>furniture</strong> (cogul yok!)</div></div></div>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> The <s>news are</s> bad.</div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> The news <strong>is</strong> bad. (tekil!)</div></div></div>
🇹🇷 Sayılabilen: a/an alır, çoğullanır. Sayılamayan: a/an almaz, çoğullanmaz. many/much farkı önemli.
Örnek Cümleler
There is some water in the glass.
How many students are there? / How much time do we have?
İpucu / Tüyo
⚡ information, advice, news, furniture, luggage, equipment ASLA çoğul yapılmaz! a information değil a piece of information.
YDS / YÖKDİL Notu
🎯 YDS/YÖKDİL: YDS'de much/many/a few/a little/few/little seçimi ve sayılamayan isimlerle hata bulma soruları çıkar.
Hızlı Test
How ___ money do you have?
İlgili Maddeler
