Reduced Relative Clauses
Kısaltılmış sıfat cümlecikleri: who/which kaldırılarak V-ing, V3 veya to + V ile kısaltma.
Tanım
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:0 0 12px;">Reduced Relative Clauses Nedir?</h4>
<p>Sıfat cümleciklerinde <strong>ilgi zamirini (who/which/that) ve yardımcı fiili kaldırarak</strong> cümleyi kısaltma yöntemidir. Yazılı dilde ve akademik metinlerde sıkça kullanılır.</p>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">1. V-ing ile Kısaltma (Aktif Anlam)</h4>
<div style="background:#d9faf2;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;">Relative clause <strong>aktif</strong> anlam taşıyorsa <strong>who/which + be</strong> kaldırılır, fiil <strong>-ing</strong> formuna dönüşür:</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Tam:</strong> The man <strong>who is standing</strong> at the door is my father.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 10px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Kısa:</strong> The man <strong>standing</strong> at the door is my father.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Tam:</strong> Students <strong>who study</strong> hard usually succeed.</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><strong>Kısa:</strong> Students <strong>studying</strong> hard usually succeed.</p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">2. V3 (Past Participle) ile Kısaltma (Pasif Anlam)</h4>
<div style="background:#ede9ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;">Relative clause <strong>pasif</strong> anlam taşıyorsa <strong>who/which + be</strong> kaldırılır, fiil <strong>V3</strong> kalır:</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Tam:</strong> The book <strong>which was written</strong> by Orwell is famous.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 10px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Kısa:</strong> The book <strong>written</strong> by Orwell is famous.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Tam:</strong> The products <strong>that are made</strong> in Turkey are high quality.</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><strong>Kısa:</strong> The products <strong>made</strong> in Turkey are high quality.</p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">3. To + V ile Kısaltma</h4>
<div style="background:#fef3dc;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;">Sıralama (first, last, only, next) veya amaç bildiren durumlarda <strong>to + V</strong> kullanılır:</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Tam:</strong> She was the first person <strong>who arrived</strong>.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 10px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Kısa:</strong> She was the first person <strong>to arrive</strong>.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Tam:</strong> He is the only student <strong>who passed</strong>.</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><strong>Kısa:</strong> He is the only student <strong>to pass</strong>.</p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Özet Tablo</h4>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:16px;">
<table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13px;">
<tr style="background:#ede9ff;"><th style="padding:10px;">Tam Hali</th><th style="padding:10px;">Kısa Hali</th><th style="padding:10px;">Kural</th></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">who is <strong>working</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>working</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">Aktif → V-ing</td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">who <strong>works</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>working</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">Aktif → V-ing</td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">which was <strong>built</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>built</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">Pasif → V3</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:8px;">the first who <strong>came</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">the first <strong>to come</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">Sıralama → to + V</td></tr></table></div>
<h4 style="color:#f72585;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">⚠ Yaygın Hatalar</h4>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> The book <s>writing</s> by Orwell...</div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> The book <strong>written</strong> by Orwell...</div></div></div>
<p style="font-size:13px;color:#555;">Kitap yazılmış (pasif) = V3 (<strong>written</strong>). writing = aktif anlam olur (kitap yazıyor?!).</p>
<p>Sıfat cümleciklerinde <strong>ilgi zamirini (who/which/that) ve yardımcı fiili kaldırarak</strong> cümleyi kısaltma yöntemidir. Yazılı dilde ve akademik metinlerde sıkça kullanılır.</p>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">1. V-ing ile Kısaltma (Aktif Anlam)</h4>
<div style="background:#d9faf2;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;">Relative clause <strong>aktif</strong> anlam taşıyorsa <strong>who/which + be</strong> kaldırılır, fiil <strong>-ing</strong> formuna dönüşür:</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Tam:</strong> The man <strong>who is standing</strong> at the door is my father.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 10px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Kısa:</strong> The man <strong>standing</strong> at the door is my father.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Tam:</strong> Students <strong>who study</strong> hard usually succeed.</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><strong>Kısa:</strong> Students <strong>studying</strong> hard usually succeed.</p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">2. V3 (Past Participle) ile Kısaltma (Pasif Anlam)</h4>
<div style="background:#ede9ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;">Relative clause <strong>pasif</strong> anlam taşıyorsa <strong>who/which + be</strong> kaldırılır, fiil <strong>V3</strong> kalır:</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Tam:</strong> The book <strong>which was written</strong> by Orwell is famous.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 10px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Kısa:</strong> The book <strong>written</strong> by Orwell is famous.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Tam:</strong> The products <strong>that are made</strong> in Turkey are high quality.</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><strong>Kısa:</strong> The products <strong>made</strong> in Turkey are high quality.</p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">3. To + V ile Kısaltma</h4>
<div style="background:#fef3dc;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;">Sıralama (first, last, only, next) veya amaç bildiren durumlarda <strong>to + V</strong> kullanılır:</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Tam:</strong> She was the first person <strong>who arrived</strong>.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 10px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Kısa:</strong> She was the first person <strong>to arrive</strong>.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Tam:</strong> He is the only student <strong>who passed</strong>.</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><strong>Kısa:</strong> He is the only student <strong>to pass</strong>.</p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Özet Tablo</h4>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:16px;">
<table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:13px;">
<tr style="background:#ede9ff;"><th style="padding:10px;">Tam Hali</th><th style="padding:10px;">Kısa Hali</th><th style="padding:10px;">Kural</th></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">who is <strong>working</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>working</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">Aktif → V-ing</td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">who <strong>works</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>working</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">Aktif → V-ing</td></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:8px;">which was <strong>built</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;"><strong>built</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">Pasif → V3</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:8px;">the first who <strong>came</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">the first <strong>to come</strong></td><td style="padding:8px;">Sıralama → to + V</td></tr></table></div>
<h4 style="color:#f72585;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">⚠ Yaygın Hatalar</h4>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> The book <s>writing</s> by Orwell...</div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> The book <strong>written</strong> by Orwell...</div></div></div>
<p style="font-size:13px;color:#555;">Kitap yazılmış (pasif) = V3 (<strong>written</strong>). writing = aktif anlam olur (kitap yazıyor?!).</p>
🇹🇷 Kısaltılmış sıfat cümlecikleri: V-ing (aktif), V3 (pasif), to + V (sıralama). who/which kaldırılır.
Örnek Cümleler
The man standing at the door is my father.
The products made in Turkey are high quality.
İpucu / Tüyo
⚡ Aktif anlam = V-ing (working, standing). Pasif anlam = V3 (written, built, made). first/last/only = to + V.
YDS / YÖKDİL Notu
🎯 YDS/YÖKDİL: YDS'de reduced relative clause soruları her sınavda 1-2 çıkar. V-ing vs V3 seçimi en kritik nokta!
Hızlı Test
The letter ___ yesterday contained bad news.
İlgili Maddeler
