Ellipsis & Substitution
Eksiltme ve yerine koyma: tekrardan kaçınmak için kelime/cümlecik çıkarma ve so/do/one ile değiştirme.
Tanım
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:0 0 12px;">Ellipsis & Substitution Nedir?</h4>
<p>İngilizce'de tekrardan kaçınmak için iki temel yöntem kullanılır: <strong>Ellipsis</strong> (kelimeyi tamamen çıkarmak) ve <strong>Substitution</strong> (kelimeyi başka bir kelimeyle değiştirmek).</p>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Ellipsis (Eksiltme)</h4>
<div style="background:#d9faf2;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Tekrar eden kelime/ifade tamamen çıkarılır:</strong></p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>She can play the piano and he can <s>play the piano</s> too.</em> → She can play the piano and he can too.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>"Are you coming?" "Yes, I am <s>coming</s>."</em> → "Yes, I am."</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>I wanted to call, but I didn''t <s>call</s>.</em> → I wanted to call, but I didn''t.</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><em>She likes coffee more than she likes tea.</em> → She likes coffee more than <s>she likes</s> tea.</p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Substitution (Yerine Koyma)</h4>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:12px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">SO / NOT (cümle yerine)</strong></p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>"Is it going to rain?" "I <strong>think so</strong>."</em> (= I think it is going to rain)</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>"Will she come?" "I <strong>hope not</strong>."</em> (= I hope she will not come)</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;">think so, hope so, believe so, expect so, I''m afraid so / I hope not, I think not, I''m afraid not</p></div>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:12px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;"><strong style="color:#4361ee;">DO / DID / DOES (fiil yerine)</strong></p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>She works harder than I <strong>do</strong>.</em> (= than I work)</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><em>"Who broke the vase?" "He <strong>did</strong>."</em> (= He broke it)</p></div>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:12px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;"><strong style="color:#f39c12;">ONE / ONES (isim yerine)</strong></p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>I don''t like this shirt. I prefer the blue <strong>one</strong>.</em></p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><em>These shoes are too small. Do you have bigger <strong>ones</strong>?</em></p></div>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">THAT OF / THOSE OF (iyelik yerine)</strong></p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>The climate of Turkey is warmer than <strong>that of</strong> Germany.</em></p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><em>The results of Group A were better than <strong>those of</strong> Group B.</em></p></div>
<h4 style="color:#f72585;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">⚠ Yaygın Hatalar</h4>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> "Will it rain?" "I think <s>yes</s>."</div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> "Will it rain?" "I <strong>think so</strong>."</div></div></div>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> ...warmer than <s>Germany</s>.</div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> ...warmer than <strong>that of</strong> Germany.</div></div></div>
<p>İngilizce'de tekrardan kaçınmak için iki temel yöntem kullanılır: <strong>Ellipsis</strong> (kelimeyi tamamen çıkarmak) ve <strong>Substitution</strong> (kelimeyi başka bir kelimeyle değiştirmek).</p>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Ellipsis (Eksiltme)</h4>
<div style="background:#d9faf2;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;font-size:13px;"><strong>Tekrar eden kelime/ifade tamamen çıkarılır:</strong></p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>She can play the piano and he can <s>play the piano</s> too.</em> → She can play the piano and he can too.</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>"Are you coming?" "Yes, I am <s>coming</s>."</em> → "Yes, I am."</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>I wanted to call, but I didn''t <s>call</s>.</em> → I wanted to call, but I didn''t.</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><em>She likes coffee more than she likes tea.</em> → She likes coffee more than <s>she likes</s> tea.</p></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Substitution (Yerine Koyma)</h4>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:12px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">SO / NOT (cümle yerine)</strong></p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>"Is it going to rain?" "I <strong>think so</strong>."</em> (= I think it is going to rain)</p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>"Will she come?" "I <strong>hope not</strong>."</em> (= I hope she will not come)</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;">think so, hope so, believe so, expect so, I''m afraid so / I hope not, I think not, I''m afraid not</p></div>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:12px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;"><strong style="color:#4361ee;">DO / DID / DOES (fiil yerine)</strong></p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>She works harder than I <strong>do</strong>.</em> (= than I work)</p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><em>"Who broke the vase?" "He <strong>did</strong>."</em> (= He broke it)</p></div>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:12px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;"><strong style="color:#f39c12;">ONE / ONES (isim yerine)</strong></p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>I don''t like this shirt. I prefer the blue <strong>one</strong>.</em></p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><em>These shoes are too small. Do you have bigger <strong>ones</strong>?</em></p></div>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;">
<p style="margin:0 0 8px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">THAT OF / THOSE OF (iyelik yerine)</strong></p>
<p style="margin:0 0 4px;font-size:13px;"><em>The climate of Turkey is warmer than <strong>that of</strong> Germany.</em></p>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:13px;"><em>The results of Group A were better than <strong>those of</strong> Group B.</em></p></div>
<h4 style="color:#f72585;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">⚠ Yaygın Hatalar</h4>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> "Will it rain?" "I think <s>yes</s>."</div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> "Will it rain?" "I <strong>think so</strong>."</div></div></div>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> ...warmer than <s>Germany</s>.</div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> ...warmer than <strong>that of</strong> Germany.</div></div></div>
🇹🇷 Tekrardan kaçınma: ellipsis (kelime çıkarma) ve substitution (so, do, one, that of ile değiştirme).
Örnek Cümleler
She likes coffee more than he does.
The climate of Turkey is warmer than that of Germany.
İpucu / Tüyo
⚡ think so / hope not (think yes/hope no değil!). that of = tekil isim yerine, those of = çoğul isim yerine. Karşılaştırmalarda önemli!
YDS / YÖKDİL Notu
🎯 YDS/YÖKDİL: YDS'de that of/those of yapısı karşılaştırma cümlelerinde sık test edilir. so/not substitution da çıkar.
Hızlı Test
The population of China is larger than ___ India.
İlgili Maddeler
