This, That, These, Those
İşaret zamirleri ve sıfatları: yakın/uzak, tekil/çoğul gösterme ifadeleri.
Tanım
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:0 0 12px;">Demonstratives: This, That, These, Those</h4>
<p>Bu dört kelime, bir şeyi <strong>göstermek ve belirtmek</strong> için kullanılır. Hem <strong>sıfat</strong> (isimden önce) hem <strong>zamir</strong> (tek başına) olarak kullanılabilir.</p>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Tablo</h4>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:16px;">
<table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:14px;text-align:center;">
<tr style="background:#ede9ff;"><th style="padding:12px;"></th><th style="padding:12px;">Tekil</th><th style="padding:12px;">Çoğul</th></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:12px;background:#d9faf2;"><strong>Yakın</strong></td><td style="padding:12px;font-size:18px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">this</strong><br><span style="font-size:12px;">bu</span></td><td style="padding:12px;font-size:18px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">these</strong><br><span style="font-size:12px;">bunlar</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:12px;background:#fef3dc;"><strong>Uzak</strong></td><td style="padding:12px;font-size:18px;"><strong style="color:#c47d0a;">that</strong><br><span style="font-size:12px;">şu/o</span></td><td style="padding:12px;font-size:18px;"><strong style="color:#c47d0a;">those</strong><br><span style="font-size:12px;">şunlar/onlar</span></td></tr></table></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Sıfat Olarak (İsimden Önce)</h4>
<div style="background:#d9faf2;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:12px;">
<ul style="padding-left:16px;margin:0;line-height:2;font-size:13px;">
<li><strong>This</strong> book is interesting. (Bu kitap ilginç - elimdeki)</li>
<li><strong>That</strong> building is very old. (Şu bina çok eski - uzaktaki)</li>
<li><strong>These</strong> shoes are comfortable. (Bu ayakkabılar rahat - üzerimdekiler)</li>
<li><strong>Those</strong> mountains are beautiful. (Şu dağlar güzel - uzaktakiler)</li></ul></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Zamir Olarak (Tek Başına)</h4>
<div style="background:#ede9ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:12px;">
<ul style="padding-left:16px;margin:0;line-height:2;font-size:13px;">
<li><strong>This</strong> is my brother Ali. (Bu benim kardeşim Ali - tanıştırma)</li>
<li><strong>That</strong> was a great movie. (O harika bir filmdi)</li>
<li><strong>These</strong> are my friends. (Bunlar arkadaşlarım)</li>
<li><strong>Those</strong> were the best days. (Onlar en güzel günlerdi)</li></ul></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Özel Kullanımlar</h4>
<div style="background:#f5f4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;">
<ul style="padding-left:16px;margin:0;line-height:2.2;font-size:13px;">
<li><strong>Telefonda tanıtma:</strong> <em>Hello, <strong>this is</strong> Ali speaking.</em> (that değil!)</li>
<li><strong>Telefonda sorma:</strong> <em>Is <strong>that</strong> you, Ayşe?</em></li>
<li><strong>Birini tanıştırma:</strong> <em><strong>This is</strong> my colleague, Mehmet.</em></li>
<li><strong>Zaman - yakın:</strong> <em><strong>this</strong> week, <strong>this</strong> morning, <strong>this</strong> year</em></li>
<li><strong>Zaman - geçmiş:</strong> <em>In <strong>those</strong> days, life was simple.</em></li></ul></div>
<h4 style="color:#f72585;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">⚠ Yaygın Hatalar</h4>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> <s>This</s> books are mine.</div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> <strong>These</strong> books are mine.</div></div></div>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> <s>That</s> are my friends.</div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> <strong>Those</strong> are my friends.</div></div></div>
<p style="font-size:13px;color:#555;">Tekil isim → this/that. Çoğul isim → these/those. Eşleşmeye dikkat!</p>
<p>Bu dört kelime, bir şeyi <strong>göstermek ve belirtmek</strong> için kullanılır. Hem <strong>sıfat</strong> (isimden önce) hem <strong>zamir</strong> (tek başına) olarak kullanılabilir.</p>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Tablo</h4>
<div style="background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #e8e4ff;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:16px;">
<table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:14px;text-align:center;">
<tr style="background:#ede9ff;"><th style="padding:12px;"></th><th style="padding:12px;">Tekil</th><th style="padding:12px;">Çoğul</th></tr>
<tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #e8e4ff;"><td style="padding:12px;background:#d9faf2;"><strong>Yakın</strong></td><td style="padding:12px;font-size:18px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">this</strong><br><span style="font-size:12px;">bu</span></td><td style="padding:12px;font-size:18px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">these</strong><br><span style="font-size:12px;">bunlar</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding:12px;background:#fef3dc;"><strong>Uzak</strong></td><td style="padding:12px;font-size:18px;"><strong style="color:#c47d0a;">that</strong><br><span style="font-size:12px;">şu/o</span></td><td style="padding:12px;font-size:18px;"><strong style="color:#c47d0a;">those</strong><br><span style="font-size:12px;">şunlar/onlar</span></td></tr></table></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Sıfat Olarak (İsimden Önce)</h4>
<div style="background:#d9faf2;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:12px;">
<ul style="padding-left:16px;margin:0;line-height:2;font-size:13px;">
<li><strong>This</strong> book is interesting. (Bu kitap ilginç - elimdeki)</li>
<li><strong>That</strong> building is very old. (Şu bina çok eski - uzaktaki)</li>
<li><strong>These</strong> shoes are comfortable. (Bu ayakkabılar rahat - üzerimdekiler)</li>
<li><strong>Those</strong> mountains are beautiful. (Şu dağlar güzel - uzaktakiler)</li></ul></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Zamir Olarak (Tek Başına)</h4>
<div style="background:#ede9ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:12px;">
<ul style="padding-left:16px;margin:0;line-height:2;font-size:13px;">
<li><strong>This</strong> is my brother Ali. (Bu benim kardeşim Ali - tanıştırma)</li>
<li><strong>That</strong> was a great movie. (O harika bir filmdi)</li>
<li><strong>These</strong> are my friends. (Bunlar arkadaşlarım)</li>
<li><strong>Those</strong> were the best days. (Onlar en güzel günlerdi)</li></ul></div>
<h4 style="color:#6c2bd9;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">Özel Kullanımlar</h4>
<div style="background:#f5f4ff;border-radius:12px;padding:16px;margin-bottom:16px;">
<ul style="padding-left:16px;margin:0;line-height:2.2;font-size:13px;">
<li><strong>Telefonda tanıtma:</strong> <em>Hello, <strong>this is</strong> Ali speaking.</em> (that değil!)</li>
<li><strong>Telefonda sorma:</strong> <em>Is <strong>that</strong> you, Ayşe?</em></li>
<li><strong>Birini tanıştırma:</strong> <em><strong>This is</strong> my colleague, Mehmet.</em></li>
<li><strong>Zaman - yakın:</strong> <em><strong>this</strong> week, <strong>this</strong> morning, <strong>this</strong> year</em></li>
<li><strong>Zaman - geçmiş:</strong> <em>In <strong>those</strong> days, life was simple.</em></li></ul></div>
<h4 style="color:#f72585;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;margin:20px 0 10px;">⚠ Yaygın Hatalar</h4>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> <s>This</s> books are mine.</div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> <strong>These</strong> books are mine.</div></div></div>
<div style="border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;"><div style="display:flex;gap:0;">
<div style="flex:1;background:#fde8f3;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#f72585;">❌</strong> <s>That</s> are my friends.</div>
<div style="flex:1;background:#d9faf2;padding:10px 14px;font-size:13px;"><strong style="color:#06d6a0;">✔</strong> <strong>Those</strong> are my friends.</div></div></div>
<p style="font-size:13px;color:#555;">Tekil isim → this/that. Çoğul isim → these/those. Eşleşmeye dikkat!</p>
🇹🇷 İşaret zamirleri: this/these (yakın), that/those (uzak). Hem sıfat hem zamir olarak kullanılır.
Örnek Cümleler
This is my brother. These are my friends.
That building is very old. Those mountains are beautiful.
İpucu / Tüyo
⚡ Tekil = this/that, çoğul = these/those. Telefonda 'This is Ali speaking' (That is değil!).
YDS / YÖKDİL Notu
🎯 YDS/YÖKDİL: YDS'de demonstratives genellikle referans soruları (bu cümlede 'those' neyi ifade eder?) şeklinde çıkar.
Hızlı Test
___ shoes are too big for me. (uzaktaki, cogul)
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